258The number of plastic products in the world today is very high. Plastic products are of different sizes, shapes, purpose – it buckets, basins, even water supply pipe in the apartment. Plastic products are not only easy to use, but environmental and affordable.

The main source of ethylene is the production of plastics. Thereof produced polystyrene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. The first two of the material is melted, the resulting substances create the dishes. From thin sheets of polyethylene packaging for prepared foods (bags packing bags, T-shirts).

Depending on the composition:
By application area:
depending on the binder:

Epoksiplasty (used for communication epoxy resin). Phenolic (substance – fenolformaldegdnye resin). Aminoplasts (melaminofarmaldegidnye and urea-formaldehyde resins are used as binder).

thermoset – become soft when heated and melted, but after some chemical reaktsiiplastmassa hardens and becomes insoluble and infusible. It can be reused, melting useless. Such plastics can be used as a filler to create a press powders;

thermoplastic – such plastic readily melt when heated and harden when cooled. This material can be melted down and make him a new product, but its quality will be slightly lower.
Technology of production of plastics

Polymer – substance from which plastic is made. Besides him, the production of the polymer material used fillers and accelerators rejection. To become a colored plastic in its composition is added mineral dyes. The binder protrude synthetic gums, cellulose derivatives, synthetic rubber – all these substances are high molecular weight polymers.

Certain types of plastic can be used several times. Basic processing methods:

the pressing process, pressure extruding at finding a material in a viscous fluid state;
pnevmoformovka and vacuum casting, forging a highly elastic material.
1Equipment for the production and processing

The most common type of plastic is mass production and small-scale injection molding. This method is the budget, and using it in the country is made about a third plastics material. The pellets are used as raw materials, are subjected to the melting process, after which they go into special molds.

Producing plastic using injection molding, injection molding is used. The main functions of automatic manufacturers: crushing pellets, heating the polymer mass, gating system, removes the heated resin into the mold for casting.

Most businesses are establishing waste-free production of plastic products and machinery and equipment used for manufacturing and processing remained pellets.

Types of equipment for injection molding:

vertical – in the production process of the molten polymer feed is carried out vertically, while the shape for the casting is arranged horizontally;
horizontal – the mold is positioned vertically, the liquid enters the plastic injection molding machine horizontally.
Equipment for molding a compact, takes up little space and legkoupravlyaemo.

Furthermore injection molding are:

casting a gas;
casting steam;
multi-component molding.
These methods are capable of rational and improve the quality of the produced material.

Key trends in the market of plastics

Stricter rules and regulations on the injection molding machine for the production, quality and environmental protection products and equipment.
Creating a decoration on plastic products increases the demand for them and increases sales.
Creation and development of mixed technologies: hydraulics (compression) + electric injection (mass) of injection molding machines.
In connection with the transition from hydraulic to electric energy consumption reduction TPA.
Advantages of electrical equipment:

low energy consumption (compared with the hydraulics up to 60% of energy);
It is authorized to use under sterile conditions (medicine). Electric injection molding machines have virtually no oil;
The impact of production on the environment of the Earth

Depending on the raw materials used for the production of plastic masses, changing the composition of the force of impact and stand out in the environment of gases. But in any case, the manufacture of plastic products such as buckets, spare parts equipment, cans, toys, pots and other consumer goods, which had a negative impact on man and nature. Substances produced in the manufacturing process, are poisonous. they are transported over long distances, falling precipitation, which are sources of pollution of the soil. groundwater and surface water, vegetation.

Disposal of waste from the production of plastic should be at reprocessing plants in special acid-resistant plants, but if there is a possibility of non-waste production, it is better to send the plastic waste for recycling.