The way waste for ordinary Ukrainians ends in throwing garbage bag in the container yard. The further fate of the contents of packages concerned except those who are most directly confronted with the consequences of waste disposal. What actually happened in the village Podgortsy Obukhov district, which borders the largest Ukrainian dump or polygon №5, where Kiev dumped waste.
Residents Pidhirtsi and the surrounding villages Hodoseevka, Krenichi, Romankiv, Large and Small Dmitrovichi lead with garbage war is not the first year.

The smell that is unbearable in the heat – it’s not sex, and even a quarter of trouble. Worse, rot and waste, together with rainwater or melt water form a filtrate – in fact, concentrated poison.

The filtrate is pumped out – if the appropriate technologies are working, or whether it forms a natural lake. Time filtrate into the soil and underground water, for which the majority of wells in villages even have long been unfit for technical purposes (save wells).

Last summer, the landfill became a “tasty morsel” for the Roma camp – 500-700 representatives last lived here a few years ago by building inaccessible “Khalabuda” from scrap materials found in a landfill. In addition to regular visits to the garbage in search of what you can take, they, according to local activists working on the sorting belt to give 100 UAH. day.

Landfill Management is denying Roma themselves in an aggressive mood, and not all of them speak Ukrainian or Russian – sometimes down to the village to shop and gestures show saleswomen, they want to buy. From time to time one of them dies, the local believe that tuberculosis, but the diagnosis is, of course no one set – then came to the village council with a request to bury the deceased.

History

In Ukraine there is only one incinerator Works – “Energy”, its capacity is 250 tons of garbage a year. Overall for the year, according to estimates of the Ministry of Ecology, produced 15 million tonnes of waste, most of which are buried. “What is dumping? – Says the chairman of PJSC “Kievspetstrans” Andrew Gruschinskaya. – This in designated areas of waste, which are called “polygons”. But unfortunately, in Ukraine pasportizovannyh polygons that meet the requirements, you can count on the fingers, probably two hands. ”

Polygon №5 – an echo of the Chernobyl disaster. Back in 1986, the quarry perestelili film to export to the radioactive leaves. However, the leaves did not stop, and now on a dump radioactive pillow is 63 ha area and 21 m in height in its highest point. This is the biggest mountain of garbage in Ukraine.

“When we bought a house here, we were promised that the landfill will be closed soon! – Says Marianna, a local resident and one of the activists that initiated a series of protests in recent years. – But where there was worse … ”

sign “for sale” desperately hanging on quite a number of good-quality legal houses.

Teachers and parents complain about – the children have constant problems with the nasopharynx, and the stench on the street just puke, I had to break through the traditional open-air gymnastics before lessons. And when referring to a hospital in Obukhov pіdgіrchanam to hear their complaints “diagnosis”: “Well, what do you want, you have a trashcan there ..!”

“Today is the landfill should have been closed, it handled more than three times – says the deputy Pіdgіrtsіvskoї village council, Deputy Chairman of the Land and Environment Commission Vitaly Tokarchuk. – At a rate that was supposed to be about 18 million cubic meters, it is now about 40-million cubic meters delivered to the dump! At the landfill want to put the retaining wall 12 meters high, and to dump garbage. But God forbid wall burst, everything will be in Siverko river, all would be in the river, and will be trouble … ”

From that moment it begins differences. Unlike pіdgіrchan, chairman of the “Kievspetstransa” convinced that the possibility of the landfill has not yet been exhausted, “To date, the landfill can exist after the reconstruction of the second card (part), which is now going on, for about eight years. While in Ukraine, according to the Waste Act, 2018 will be prohibited from dumping untreated waste. This rule appeared in 2012, and then the state has tried to create a certain incentive limitation to form a waste processing. But this approach was the one made in this direction. No more economic stimulus has been established. And so at the moment has no waste recycling plant is not created. ”

Property rights

In addition to the capacity of the landfill, there are questions over the ownership. “Polygon as an object belongs to Kiev and handed over to” Kievspetstransa “in accordance with the agreement on the use of municipal property. “Kievspetstrans” – a private joint stock company, 51% owned by the city territorial community, ie, the people of Kiev. After the City Council and executive body of the Kyiv City State Administration, “- says Mr. Andrew. – The rest 46.83% of the shares owned by the company “Geotron”. Open information about its owner is not present.

Minimize losses

Tribute should be paid – in the Polygon №5 really try to minimize environmental damage. So, vіdremontovali and launched into action «Rohm» last year – a German unit that is engaged in cleaning the leachate, which before was not working for four years. Build dams, made of garbage pouring soil. Powered degassing system, as a result of digestion of organic substances released methane, which can cause spontaneous combustion (as in the case of Lviv Gribovich). It is noteworthy that at the landfill site, in the very heart of it, the stench is almost not felt, unlike.

“If the entire landfill area, which we did not add up waste, inert fill soil, the smell would be so much less! – Said the chairman “Kievspetstransa”. – He would not disappeared completely, but certainly would not have reached the village. But for this you have to pay. Of the funds we receive for the reception of the new collection, this is not possible. Of those funds can not be paid even peresipku of the new collection, which arrives. ”

And «Rohm» outputs the processing of technical 80% water and 20% concentrated filtrate, and then discharged into special tanks. Besides the plant, at the time, “adventurous” The Kiev government has purchased another plant for processing the filtrate. “The second unit called« Vomm », – says Tokarczuk. – Purchased in Italy for seven and a half million dollars, worked only three days. She had to stop due to the fact that a very large amount of gas needed in order to process the filtrate – 2000 cubic meters per day! Therefore we have actually throw away money. ”

To pay for garbage collection? What do you mean!

According Gruschinskaya tariff dumping established in 2010 was 5 hryvnia 85 kopecks. When the then salaries, fuel price, environmental taxes, payment for land. All this has risen in price, and the rate has not changed. Therefore, the current rate is not enough to cover at least the new waste that comes.

“One and a half year, I initiate the increase in tariffs, knocking to the appropriate authorities, – says Andrey Gruschinskaya. – Until recently, it was impossible to do, because the tariff for burial shifted from local councils to the National Commission, which regulates the market of energy utilities. But it is not until the end was given this power. It so happened that the city council can not change the tariff, but they still can not. Therefore, we work at the rate of 2010, forcing the company to “negative” dumping subsidizing of its activities in waste disposal, and unfortunately, the landfill is in such a state. ”

After the tragedy at the dump Gribovich, Lviv garbage began to carry in particular in Kiev. Andrew Gruschinskaya claims – took him to the plant “Energy”, with official permission Klitschko. However, local activists argue, but still show made a video phone – with trucks Lviv numbers attending “Polygon №5». He does not see anything wrong with the landfill and the chief, Igor G.. He Said, they say, the extra 20 vehicles per day substantially “weather” will not do, so why not help the Lviv?

Dump closed. Where to haul garbage, unknown

Klitschko himself came to the peasants after a three-day series of protests and blocking all entrances to the site. Session of the city council decided to close the landfill until 31 October 2018. Rather, after this date will no longer bring in the trash, but to maintain the existing waste should be in the future. Before planning to stop to put the waste in the first map October 31 of the following year (parts). Now a dump at the same time and can and are taken to the trash.

What to do with the capital’s waste further in the mayor’s office can not clearly say:

“Indeed, we have very little time to find an alternative to the test site, – says deputy of the Kiev mayor Peter Panteleyev. – The city is currently working on several fronts.

Buduvatmemo several plants on garbage disposal because it accumulates in Kiev for the year 1.2 mln. Tons of waste. We must use multiple technologies, rather than focusing on one thing. We want to attract the most advanced processing technology, which will be absolutely safe from an environmental point of view, and the most economical. In the end, the cost of disposal will be reflected in the cost of utilities. ”

Construction of factories, according Panteleyev, planned near the CHP-6, which is between Troyeshchyna and the village cellar and somewhere in the area Goloseyevsky, exactly where he did not elaborate. It is also considering the construction of a waste processing plant near Polygon №5 “- for it is negotiating with the community of Pidhirtsi on possible processing technologies. “Energy” plant and is considering a modernization project.

Klitschko himself came to the peasants after a series of protests and a three-day block all entrances to the polygon

“We found the Institute of Oil and Gas – they have already experience with this concentrate, – says Peter Panteleyev. – We have already planned in the budget 2017 funds for research and the very disposal. When the commission met for the first time, all institutions, all luminaries as one said, “We do not know what to do with the concentrate! We said 30 years ago, it is wrong to build the landfill, and now we do not know what to do! “. Was this pessimism, then we have expanded the range of experts and yet found a way. ”

Andrew Gruschinskaya apart from the main work is one of the members of the initiative group, which for the past three years called for the change of the Ukrainian legislation. According to him, people only pay for garbage collection, but not its processing.

Today, according to the social project “Ukraine without garbage”, payment for the disposal of tons of waste is 4.02 USD (or 0.85 EUR). For comparison, added activists, citizen of Portugal or Spain to pay 4 euros for this service, Estonians and Latvians – 12 euros, Italians and Czechs – 20 euros. The most expensive waste management costs the British and Irish – are paid 75 euros.

“Everywhere in the world where there is civilized waste management, where they are processed, the population pays for the service processing, – says Mr. Andrew. – We have a population of such a service does not pay. Talking about abstract investors who will come and build a factory only conversation. Nobody will invest in the sphere in which it is impossible to return the investment! And the investment can be returned only if the enterprise will be profitable. Without payment processing services in one of these plants will not build. ”

Yield, according to expert – to change the legal framework and administration services for the processing of “Statistics say that each person in Ukraine throws every day for garbage kilogram is about 350 kg of waste per year. To revise it everyone has to pay about three dollars a month. This contingent of 80 hryvnia. Until 2012 the tariff for disposal and recycling of municipal councils set. Neither Council has not taken any decision regarding the recovery of the population with this board from 1991 to 2012. However, there is another, more humane way – to oblige the manufacturer to pay for recycling the packaging. ”

Last path, though attractive, but it is trickier, but not humane, because consumers will pay more for goods. But this is not the worst evil of such a proposal. Money that accumulates the state thus will always tempt officials to steal them. Actually under Yanukovych already existed such a practice, the money collected for recycling bottles poet, but the alteration of no one did.

Generally more functions takes over the state, the more they steal. Therefore, in a situation with garbage one way out – to increase prices to a level where the business will be profitable to recycle it, and a lot of city councils zaklyuchatimut are many deals on waste recycling with a variety of companies.

Positive experience

In Ukraine, there are properly closed landfill. Chairman of the All-Ukrainian Ecological League Tatiana Timochko sure that partially solve the problem of waste sorting: “This is Alexander’s training ground near Lugansk, he in 2013 was completely closed, and degassing was carried out. Was allocated the second stage, which collected already separated trash and built was also the third place according to the most modern standards – five layers of protection, the system of leachate collection and removal from the cup of the landfill … That is, there is already a real experience that made the Ukrainian designers, Ukrainian inzheneringovye groups and businesses, who are engaged in this issue.

Those wastes that are in Kiev and the region are going – not divided, without exception of hazardous waste, such as batteries, light bulbs, medical waste, etc., – of course, pose a threat. Whatever the new landfill is not built, if we do not establish a separate collection system in place of seizure a significant part of the waste that is collected as a raw material, which can then be reused, no polygons napasemosya we do not. ”

Will Kiev implement bold plans for the opening of the high-speed plants, or have to look for a place in the new landfill – time will tell. However, one thing is clear: change is necessary and purely cultural aspect of the behavior of the Ukrainians.

Society likes to talk about “garbage mafia”, which undoubtedly exists, but few people understand that it starts with the wheeled timber exported to the package and the unwillingness to pay for the removal and processing of waste civilized. At least until such time as the stench of the landfill does not penetrate into the house.