166518Household waste – a source of valuable raw materials. With this no one disputes. However, to become waste-income Ukrainian businesses need clear and transparent rules of the game on the waste market. And hope is already there – Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources in cooperation with European partners, donors have developed a draft National waste management strategy and released it for public comment.

800,000th Lvov daily produces 650-700 tons of garbage. However, the amount of industrial waste last about 1 ths. Tons. And it would be nice if at least one third of its processed into useful components for further industrial use. As it is, for example, to make the European powers. If, for example, in the EU is processed from 50 to 90% of household waste, in Ukraine, according to official statistics, as many as … 4%. This is even less than in Soviet times.

Until 2001, she worked in our country waste treatment model that forced the importers and manufacturers of packaged goods on their own to ensure disposal of used packaging or enter into appropriate agreements with the GP “Ukrekoresursy”.

– Government Decree “On the introduction of systems for collecting, harvesting and utilization of waste as secondary raw materials” (№915 from 26.07.2001 city) requires importers to pay to the budget, – says Director of Enterprise “Evropet-Lviv” Yuri Iskiv. – However, over the years it was interpreted in different ways. Importers and manufacturers of manufactured products in any container and packing, – Vodka, brewery or plant for the production of juices – were to a certain percentage of funds directed to the budget for the recycling of packaging. But state-owned enterprise, which takes as a specified percentage, the fruit only allocation concept. There was so much fog that nobody knew who and what takes the money, where they disappear. Rather than establish a sort of garbage, build factories for recycling, businessmen raised money, and then it did not go. As a result, the government had no choice, how to eliminate this structure.

A pity, because the idea, according to experts, was very good, but the implementation – bad. SE “Ukrekoresursy” several times changed its name, but not the essence of the work. In the end, the system is completely discredited.

– On the packaging that goes into free circulation, it is necessary to do something – continues Yu.Iskiv. – If the idea to give a second life, but transparent, enterprises engaged in processing and recycling of raw materials, we have received funding for their activities and development. For now, we do not always make money on recycling. Expensive electricity, water, rising taxes, wages. However, unfortunately, businesses, sorting and processing waste, the state support can not see. As a result, landfills grow.

Unprofitable!

As the director of the Bureau of Environmental Investigation Dmitry Skrylnikov, the current situation to a large extent – the result of the lack of serious interest in the recycling of household waste from local businesses, as well as the inconsistency of the Ukrainian legislation in these matters. According to the expert, the former legislation on municipal waste was progressive in principle.

However, all the advantages offset by corruption. According to co-founder of “ABE Lions” Oleg Gayovishina, the flow of waste to the landfill will begin to grow shallow only when collecting their businesses are financially motivated in their work. It’s not today.

In particular, the company is now “ABE Lviv” has introduced a separate collection of glass, paper, metal, PET bottles, etc. Depending on the season it collects monthly around 20-30 tons of PET bottles. This means that, firstly, reduced waste stream for disposal and, secondly, valuable resource materials that still destroyed in a landfill, is now recycled and provide benefit. Collect waste more profitable just in the big cities. But there are problems. We usually organic waste is mixed with inorganic, so that they become wet. Therefore it is very important to establish a reasonable system of waste collection.

Dry and wet

In the US, all household waste is divided into two categories: dry and wet. Dry – it is one that can be recycled. Wet – organics, which eventually rot. There are countries where the number of containers used for garbage collection. In the Netherlands, all containers of garbage hidden in underground storage. When cars are coming, they are vacuum pumps take it from there. But in Switzerland, the authorities organized free distribution of containers to separate organic waste from inorganic. For Ukraine, interested in the experience of Sweden, where all the garbage thrown away separately.

In the future, the company engaged in waste collection, concludes contracts with companies, its processing. If there is no appropriate technology for the processing of a particular component of the waste, the firm pays and export it for processing in another Member State. Of course, not all the profitable processing of waste. There are waste requiring large funds for recycling or disposal. For example, pesticides are required to burn at very high temperatures. The problem of Ukraine is that our city government often does not look for a way to solve the problem, but a way to buy expensive containers write off as much money as possible. The deputies asked the expert to justify the replacement of the existing container into new inability to close them well. And the fact that a certain type of containers bound only certain cars that can unload them, deputies are not interested.

Threats are growing

The problem of large cities in Ukraine, according to Dmitry Skrylnikov – inconsistency of actions of local authorities. When running for the new mayor, he promises that will solve the problem of garbage – to build the plant, which will process all. And then not fulfilling promises. This is not in any country. In Western countries, up waste management plans, which provided not only reduce the amount of waste stored at the landfills each year, but also to increase the range of recycling. For example, this year will increase the recycling of plastic by 20% in five years – by 30%, etc. In the most developed in these areas of Finland and Norway already recycle 90% of household waste. In Ukraine, we have nothing. There seemed to wait for manna from heaven. If the city began to systematically reduce the amount of waste and recycle them systematically build the infrastructure for processing, they could create a market for recycled materials, would have new jobs. Now the economy is completely in the shade.

– Establishing a system of work with household waste in Ukraine hinder corruption and attempts by some business representatives to monopolize the market. Yes, waste recycling technologies are often very expensive, – says D.Skrylnikov – but in Ukraine, you can easily buy the official, supervising the process. Or bring the outdated technology.

However, in spite of everything, the business is ready to connect to the problem, but wants to guarantee stable operation. Entrepreneurs understand that the return on entering the market will take many years. A pseudo-investors, eager to seize the market, and sellers of old technologies promise to beat the investment over several years.

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